Title
Comparison of adjuvants for immune potentiating properties and side effects in mice
Author
Leenaars, P.P.A.M.
Hendriksen, C.F.M.
Koedam, M.A.
Claassen, I.
Claassen, E.
Gaubius Instituut TNO
Publication year
1995
Abstract
Four types of adjuvants were evaluated as alternatives to the use of Freund's complete adjuvant in mice. The adjuvants evaluated included a water-in-oil emulsion (Specol), a microorganism (Lactobacillus), preformed immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOM) containing rabies virus glycoprotein and a saponin, Quil A. The adjuvants and saline were combined with three weak immunogens (a synthetic peptide, a self antigen and a particulate antigen) and given by three different routes (intraperitoneal, subcutaneous and dorsal in the foot). The evaluation was based on clinical observations, behavioural studies, pathological lesions and capacity to support immunological responses to weak immunogens. Lesions were most severe after injection of antigen combined with Freund's adjuvant or Quil A, mild to moderate with Specol and minimal with Lactobacillus, iscom conjugates or saline. Despite pathological changes, no signs of prolonged pain or distress could be demonstrated based on clinical observations and behavioural studies. Minimal immunological responses were found after injection of antigen in combination with saline or Lactobacillus. T-cell activation and high antibody responses were found after injection of antigen-iscom conjugates or antigen in Freund's adjuvant emulsions. After Specol/antigen immunisations T-cell activation was demonstrated and high antibody titres were found except for Specol/self antigen immunisations. Presented data suggest that Specol is a possible alternative to Freund's complete adjuvant for the induction of an immune response against weak immunogens except possibly self antigens, for which preformed iscoms seem very suitable. Chemicals/CAS: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Antibodies, Bacterial
Subject
Biology
Adjuvants
Antibody
Evaluation
Pathology
T-cell activation
Freund adjuvant
Immunological adjuvant
Immunostimulating agent
Iscom
Quil a
Saponin
Specol
Spikoside
Unclassified drug
Animal experiment
Antibody response
Controlled study
Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay
Intraperitoneal drug administration
Lactobacillus
Lymphocyte activation
Mouse
Nonhuman
Subcutaneous drug administration
T lymphocyte
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Animal
Antibodies, Bacterial
Behavior, Animal
Comparative Study
Female
Hindlimb
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Injections, Subcutaneous
Intestines
Lymphocyte Activation
Male
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Peritonitis
Serous Membrane
T-Lymphocytes
Animalia
Lactobacillus
Rabies virus
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(94)05413-m
TNO identifier
233040
ISSN
0165-2427
Source
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 48 (1-2), 123-138
Document type
article