Title
The effects of food viscosity on bite size, bite effort and food intake
Author
de Wijk, R.A.
Zijlstra, N.
Mars, M.
de Graaf, C.
Prinz, J.F.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2008
Abstract
Two studies investigated the effect of a food's viscosity on bite size, bite effort and food intake using a standardized protocol in which subjects sipped through a straw every 20 s for a period of 15 min from one of two products, a chocolate-flavored dairy drink and a chocolate-flavored dairy semi-solid, matched for energy density. In the first study, subjects consumed 47% more from the liquid than from the semi-solid to reach the same degree of satiation, with larger bite sizes for the liquid throughout the 15 minute period (8.7 ± 0.45 g) compared to the semi-solid (5.8 ± 0.3 g, p < 0.01). In the second study bite effort was eliminated by using a peristaltic pump to present the products every 20 s. Oral processing time before swallowing was set at 5 s (both products) or 8 s (semi-solid). With the elimination of bite effort and a standardized oral processing time, subjects consumed as much from the semi-solid as from the liquid to reach the same degree of satiation. Bite size for liquids started relatively small and grew gradually over successive bites, whereas the bite size for the semi-solid food started relatively large and became gradually smaller. The latter effect was even more pronounced when the oral processing time was increased from 5 to 8 s. In conclusion, semi-solids resulted in smaller bite sizes and lower intake than liquids, but these differences disappeared when differences in bite effort were eliminated. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Subject
Nutrition
Bite effort
Bite size
Food intake
Liquids
Satiation
Semi-solids
Sensory
Viscosity
Adult
Article
Cacao
Dairy product
Energy
Female
Flavor
Food
Food intake
Food quality
Human
Human experiment
Liquid
Male
Mastication
Normal human
Peristaltic pump
Priority journal
Satiety
Swallowing
Viscosity
Adult
Analysis of Variance
Bite Force
Cross-Over Studies
Eating
Female
Food
Humans
Hunger
Male
Satiety Response
Sensation
Single-Blind Method
Size Perception
Statistics as Topic
Viscosity
Young Adult
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.07.026
TNO identifier
241067
ISSN
0031-9384
Source
Physiology and Behavior, 95 (3), 527-532
Document type
article