Title
Modelling spatial patterns of correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in mosses and atmospheric deposition in 2010 across Europe
Author
Nickel, S.
Schröder, W.
Schmalfuss, R.
Saathoff, M.
Harmens, H.
Mills, G.
Frontasyeva, M.V.
Barandovski, L.
Blum, O.
Carballeira, A.
de Temmerman, L.
Dunaev, A.M.
Ene, A.
Fagerli, H.
Godzik, B.
Ilyin, I.
Jonkers, S.
Jeran, Z.
Lazo, P.
Leblond, S.
Liiv, S.
Mankovska, B.
Núñez-Olivera, E.
Piispanen, J.
Poikolainen, J.
Popescu, I.V.
Qarri, F.
Santamaria, J.M.
Schaap, M.
Skudnik, M.
Špirić, Z.
Stafilov, T.
Steinnes, E.
Stihi, C.
Suchara, I.
Uggerud, H.T.
Zechmeister, H.G.
Publication year
2018
Abstract
Background: This paper aims to investigate the correlations between the concentrations of nine heavy metals in moss and atmospheric deposition within ecological land classes covering Europe. Additionally, it is examined to what extent the statistical relations are affected by the land use around the moss sampling sites. Based on moss data collected in 2010/2011 throughout Europe and data on total atmospheric deposition modelled by two chemical transport models , correlation coefficients between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were specified for spatial subsamples defined by ecological land classes of Europe as a spatial reference system. Linear discriminant analysis and logistic regression were then used to separate moss sampling sites regarding their contribution to the strength of correlation considering the areal percentage of urban, agricultural and forestry land use around the sampling location. After verification LDA models by LR, LDA models were used to transform spatial information on the land use to maps of potential correlation levels, applicable for future network planning in the European Moss Survey. Results: Correlations between concentrations of heavy metals in moss and in modelled atmospheric deposition were found to be specific for elements and ELCE units. Land use around the sampling sites mainly influences the correlation level. Small radiuses around the sampling sites examined are more relevant for Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn, while the areal percentage of urban and agricultural land use within large radiuses is more relevant for As, Cr, Hg, Pb, and V. Most valid LDA models pattern with error rates of < 40% were found for As, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and V. Land use-dependent predictions of spatial patterns split up Europe into investigation areas revealing potentially high or low correlation coefficients. Conclusions: LDA is an eligible method identifying and ranking boundary conditions of correlations between atmospheric deposition and respective concentrations of heavy metals in moss and related mapping considering the influence of the land use around moss sampling sites. © 2018, The Author.
Subject
Environment & Sustainability
Environment
Urbanisation
Biomonitoring
Chemical transport models
Correlation analysis
Ecological classification
Linear discriminant analysis
Logistic regression
Bryophyta
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ca9c990a-131e-49f0-a04d-4f8797644040
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-018-0183-8
TNO identifier
844237
Publisher
Springer Verlag
ISSN
2190-4707
Source
Environmental Sciences Europe, 30 (1), 1-17
Article number
53
Document type
article