Title
An Optimization and Analysis Framework for TCO Minimization of Plug-in Hybrid Heavy-duty Electric Vehicles
Author
Kolodziejak, D.P.H.
Pham, T.H.
Hofman, T.
Wilkins, S.
Contributor
Nelson-Gruel, D. (editor)
Publication year
2019
Abstract
This paper develops an optimization framework to minimize the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). In this paper, TCO is the summation of operational and main vehicle powertrain components cost. The developed optimization framework is formulated via combining convex optimization and Dynamic Programming technique. This framework aims at minimizing TCO by optimizing not only the sizing of the main powertrain components but also the powertrain topology. Using the developed optimization framework, this paper elaborates relevant design factors for a considered bus application namely: i) the value of equipping a HEV with plug-in functionality; ii) the effect of battery aging and replacement cost; iii) the sensitivity to fuel and electricity cost; Simulation results show that the TCO can be reduced by having plug-in functionality in the HEVs. However, this may not hold if the electricity price (in Euros/kWh) is higher than certain times of the fuel price (in Euros/kWh), e.g. 2.25 for the simulated cases in this paper. Simulation results also suggest that it is more profitable to equip the vehicle with a big enough battery to avoid replacing it during the vehicle economical life.
Subject
Safe and Clean Mobility
Mobility
Component sizing
Energy management
Optimization
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
Total cost of ownership
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c94af17a-14a3-4f87-8a83-d82977e2c4a0
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.09.077
TNO identifier
871724
Publisher
Elsevier B.V.
ISSN
2405-8963
Source
IFAC-PapersOnLine, 9th IFAC Symposium on Advances in Automotive Control, AAC 2019, 23 June 2019 through 27 June 2019, 484-491
Document type
conference paper