Title
Pathway and single gene analyses of inhibited Caco-2 differentiation by ascorbate-stabilized quercetin suggest enhancement of cellular processes associated with development of colon cancer
Author
Dihal, A.A.
Tilburgs, C.
van Erk, M.J.
Rietjens, I.M.C.M.
Woutersen, R.A.
Stierum, R.H.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2007
Abstract
The aim was to investigate mechanisms contributing to quercetin's previously described effects on cell-proliferation and -differentiation, which contradicted its proposed anticarcinogenic potency. In a 10-day experiment, 40 μM quercetin stabilized by 1 mM ascorbate reduced Caco-2 differentiation up to 50% (p < 0.001). Caco-2 RNA from days 5 and 10, hybridized on HG-U133A2.0 Affymetrix GeneChips®, showed 1743 affected genes on both days (p < 0.01). All 14 Caco-2 differentiation-associated genes showed decreased expression (p < 0.01), including intestinal alkaline phosphatase, that was confirmed technically (qRT-PCR) and functionally (enzyme-activity). The 1743 genes contributed to 27 pathways (p < 0.05) categorized under six gene ontology (GO) processes, including apoptosis and cell-cycle. Genes within these GO-processes showed fold changes that suggest increased cell-survival and -proliferation. Furthermore, quercetin down-regulated expression of genes involved in tumor-suppression and phase II metabolism, and up-regulated oncogenes. Gene expression changes mediated by ascorbate-stabilized quercetin were concordant with those occurring in human colorectal carcinogenesis (≈80-90%), but were opposite to those previously described for Caco-2 cells exposed to quercetin without ascorbate (≈75-90%). In conclusion, gene expression among Caco-2 cells exposed to ascorbate-stabilized quercetin showed mechanisms contrary to what is expected for a cancer-preventive agent. Whether this unexpected in vitro effect is relevant in vivo, remains to be elucidated. © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Subject
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Caco-2
Colorectal cancer
Differentiation
Microarray
Quercetin
ascorbic acid
quercetin
article
cell differentiation
cell division
cell strain CACO 2
colon tumor
comparative study
DNA microarray
drug effect
drug stability
gene expression
genetics
human
pathology
Ascorbic Acid
Caco-2 Cells
Cell Differentiation
Cell Division
Colonic Neoplasms
Drug Stability
Gene Expression
Humans
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Quercetin
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http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c73ab7b9-48c4-4ffb-a239-c7600610d4f6
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.200600261
TNO identifier
240116
ISSN
1613-4125
Source
Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 51 (8), 1031-1045
Document type
article