Title
High rate (∼7 nm/s), atmospheric pressure deposition of ZnO front electrode for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin-film solar cells with efficiency beyond 15%
Author
Illiberi, A.
Grob, F.
Frijters, C.
Poodt, P.
Ramachandra, R.
Winands, H.
Simor, M.
Bolt, P.J.
Publication year
2013
Abstract
Undoped zinc oxide (ZnO) films have been grown on a moving glass substrate by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric pressure. High deposition rates of ∼7 nm/s are achieved at low temperature (200°C) for a substrate speed from 20 to 60 mm/min. ZnO films are highly transparent in the visible range (90%). By a short (∼minute) post-deposition exposure to near-ultraviolet light, a very low resistivity value of 1.6·10 -3 Ω cm for undoped ZnO is achieved, which is independent on the film thickness in the range from 180 to 1200 nm. The photo-enhanced conductivity is stable in time at room temperature when ZnO is coated by an Al2O3 barrier film, deposited by the industrially scalable spatial atomic layer deposition technique. ZnO and Al2O3 films have been used as front electrode and barrier, respectively, in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells. An average efficiency of 15.4 ± 0.2% (15 cells) is obtained that is similar to the efficiency of CIGS reference cells in which sputtered ZnO:Al is used as electrode. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Undoped zinc oxide (ZnO) has been grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at atmospheric pressure. After post-deposition exposure to near-ultraviolet light, a low value of resistance (15 Ω/sq) is achieved in films that are highly transparent (90 %) in the visible range. ZnO is used as front electrode in Cu(InGa)Se2 solar cells achieving an efficiency of 15.4%, similar to reference cells with a sputtered Al:ZnO electrode. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subject
Mechatronics, Mechanics & Materials
TFT - Thin Film Technology
TS - Technical Sciences
High Tech Systems & Materials
Manufacturing
Industrial Innovation
Atmospheric pressure
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Solar cells
Thin films
Transparent conductive oxides
Zinc oxide
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http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bfb3dac1-26b3-49cc-9186-cae081ec904b
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/pip.2423
TNO identifier
484309
ISSN
1062-7995
Source
Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, 21 (8), 1559-1566
Bibliographical note
Funding Details: 241384 hipoCIGS, EC, European Commission
Document type
article