Title
A method to stabilise the performance of negatively fed KM3NeT photomultipliers
Author
Adrián-Martínez, S.
Ageron, M.
Aiello, S.
Albert, A.
Ameli, F.
Anassontzis, E.G.
Andre, M.
Androulakis, G.
Anghinolfi, M.
Anton, G.
Ardid, M.
Avgitas, T.
Barbarino, G.
Barbarito, E.
Baret, B.
Barrios-Martí, J.
Belias, A.
Berbee, E.
van den Berg, A.
Bertin, V.
Beurthey, S.
van Beveren, V.
Beverini, N.
Biagi, S.
Biagioni, A.
Billault, M.
Bondì, M.
Bormuth, R.
Bouhadef, B.
Bourlis, G.
Bourret, S.
Boutonnet, C.
Bouwhuis, M.
Bozza, C.
Bruijn, R.
Brunner, J.
Buis, E.J.
Buompane, R.
Busto, J.
Cacopardo, G.
Caillat, L.
Calamai, M.
Calvo, D.
Capone, A.
Caramete, L.
Cecchini, S.
Celli, S.
Champion, C.
Cherubini, S.
Chiarella, V.
Chiarelli, L.
Chiarusi, T.
Circella, M.
Classen, L.
Cobas, D.
Cocimano, R.
Coelho, J.A.B.
Coleiro, A.
Colonges, S.
Coniglione, R.
Cordelli, M.
Cosquer, A.
Coyle, P.
Creusot, A.
Cuttone, G.
D'Amato, C.
D'Amico, A.
D'Onofrio, A.
De Bonis, G.
De Sio, C.
Di Capua, F.
Di Palma, I.
Distefano, C.
Donzaud, C.
Dornic, D.
Dorosti-Hasankiadeh, Q.
Drakopoulou, E.
Drouhin, D.
Durocher, M.
Eberl, T.
Eichie, S.
van Eijk, D.
El Bojaddaini, I.
Elsaesser, D.
Enzenhöfer, A.
Favaro, M.
Fermani, P.
Ferrara, G.
Frascadore, G.
Furini, M.
Fusco, L.A.
Gal, T.
Galatà, S.
Garufi, F.
Gay, P.
Gebyehu, M.
Giacomini, F.
Gialanella, L.
Giordano, V.
Gizani, N.
Gracia, R.
Graf, K.
Grégoire, T.
Grella, G.
Grmek, A.
Guerzoni, M.
Habel, R.
Hallmann, S.
van Haren, H.
Harissopulos, S.
Heid, T.
Heijboer, A.
Heine, E.
Henry, S.
Hernández-Rey, J.J.
Hevinga, M.
Hofestädt, J.
Hugon, C.M.F.
Illuminati, G.
James, C.W.
Jansweijer, P.
Jongen, M.
de Jong, M.
Kadler, M.
Kalekin, O.
Kappes, A.
Katz, U.F.
Keller, P.
Kieft, G.
Kießling, D.
Koffeman, E.N.
Kooijman, P.
Kouchner, A.
Kreter, M.
Kulikovskiy, V.
Lahmann, R.
Lamare, P.
Leisos, A.
Leonora, E.
Clark, M.L.
Liolios, A.
Alvarez, C.D.L.
Lo Presti, D.
Löhner, H.
Lonardo, A.
Lotze, M.
Loucatos, S.
Maccioni, E.
Mannheim, K.
Manzali, M.
Margiotta, A.
Margotti, A.
Marinelli, A.
Mariš, O.
Markou, C.
Martínez-Mora, J.A.
Martini, A.
Marzaioli, F.
Mele, R.
Melis, K.W.
Michael, T.
Migliozzi, P.
Migneco, E.
Mijakowski, P.
Miraglia, A.
Mollo, C.M.
Mongelli, M.
Morganti, M.
Moussa, A.
Musico, P.
Musumeci, M.
Nicolau, C.A.
Olcina, I.
Olivetto, C.
Orlando, A.
Orzelli, A.
Pancaldi, G.
Paolucci, A.
Papaikonomou, A.
Papaleo, R.
Pǎvǎlaš, G.E.
Peek, H.
Pellegrini, G.
Pellegrino, C.
Perrina, C.
Pfutzner, M.
Piattelli, P.
Pikounis, K.
Poma, G.E.
Popa, V.
Pradier, T.
Pratolongo, F.
Pühlhofer, G.
Pulvirenti, S.
Quinn, L.
Racca, C.
Raffaelli, F.
Randazzo, N.
Real, D.
Resvanis, L.
Reubelt, J.
Riccobene, G.
Rossi, C.
Rovelli, A.
Saldaña, M.
Salvadori, I.
Samtleben, D.F.E.
Sánchez García, A.
Sánchez Losa, A.
Sanguineti, M.
Santangelo, A.
Santonocito, D.
Sapienza, P.
Schimmel, F.
Schmelling, J.
Schnabel, J.
Sciacca, V.
Sedita, M.
Seitz, T.
Sgura, I.
Simeone, F.
Sipala, V.
Spisso, B.
Spurio, M.
Stavropoulos, G.
Steijger, J.
Stellacci, S.M.
Stransky, D.
Taiuti, M.
Tayalati, Y.
Terrasi, F.
Tézier, D.
Theraube, S.
Timmer, P.
Tönnis, C.
Trasatti, L.
Travaglini, R.
Trovato, A.
Tsirigotis, A.
Tzamarias, S.
Tzamariudaki, E.
Vallage, B.
van Elewyck, V.
Vermeulen, J.
Versari, F.
Vicini, P.
Viola, S.
Vivolo, D.
Volkert, M.
Wiggers, L.
Wilms, J.
de Wolf, E.
Zachariadou, K.
Zani, S.
Zornoza, J.D.
Zúñiga, J.
Publication year
2016
Abstract
The KM3NeT research infrastructure, currently under construction in the Mediterranean Sea, will host neutrino telescopes for the identification of neutrino sources in the Universe and for studies of the neutrino mass hierarchy. These telescopes will house hundreds of thousands of photomultiplier tubes that will have to be operated in a stable and reliable fashion. In this context, the stability of the dark counts has been investigated for photomultiplier tubes with negative high voltage on the photocathode and held in insulating support structures made of 3D printed nylon material. Small gaps between the rigid support structure and the photomultiplier tubes in the presence of electric fields can lead to discharges that produce dark count rates that are highly variable. A solution was found by applying the same insulating varnish as used for the high voltage bases directly to the outside of the photomultiplier tubes. This transparent conformal coating provides a convenient and inexpensive method of insulation.
Subject
Instrument optimisation
Large detector systems for particle and astroparticle physics
Neutrino detectors
Photon detectors for UV
Visible and IR photons (gas) (gas-photocathodes, solid-photocathodes)
Nano Technology
OPT - Optics
TS - Technical Sciences
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bc48f638-cb0c-4475-81e6-da9762637d70
TNO identifier
577065
Publisher
Institute of Physics IOP, Bristol, UK
ISSN
1748-0221
Source
Journal of Instrumentation, 11 (11)
Document type
article