Print Email Facebook Twitter The effect of damp heat-illumination exposure on CIGS solar cells: A combined XRD and electrical characterization study Title The effect of damp heat-illumination exposure on CIGS solar cells: A combined XRD and electrical characterization study Author Theelen, M. Hendrikx, R. Barreau, N. Steijvers, H. Böttger, A. Publication year 2016 Abstract Unencapsulated CIGS solar cells were simultaneously exposed to damp heat and illumination. In-situ monitoring of their electrical parameters demonstrated a rapid decrease of the efficiency, mainly driven by changes in the series and shunt resistances. The non-degraded and degraded solar cells were studied by SIMS and XRD to investigate the material changes leading to efficiency loss. SIMS showed the migration of sodium and potassium, likely leading to changes in the shunt resistance and output voltage. Extensive XRD measurements showed that molybdenum oxide was formed and that the in-plane stress in the ZnO:Al film increased. The stress increase is most likely due to the incorporation of species like hydroxide in the grain boundaries. These phenomena could lead to the observed increased series resistance in the solar cells. Subject Nano TechnologyTFT - Thin Film TechnologyTS - Technical SciencesMaterialsIndustrial InnovationCIGSDamp heatDegradationIn-situ monitoringMolybdenumSolar cellsX-ray diffractionZinc oxide To reference this document use: http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b0698137-3f4a-456f-82b5-5cc6374f2cf2 DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2016.07.051 TNO identifier 573057 Publisher Elsevier ISSN 0927-0248 Source Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 157, 943-952 Document type article Files To receive the publication files, please send an e-mail request to TNO Library.