Title
Health effects of soy-biodiesel emissions: Bioassay-directed fractionation for mutagenicity.
Author
Mutlu, E.
Warren, S.H.
Matthews, P.P.
Schmid, J.E.
Kooter, I.M.
Linak, W.P.
Gilmour, I.
DeMarini, D.M.
Publication year
2015
Abstract
CONTEXT: Soy biodiesel is the predominant biodiesel in the USA, but there is little understanding of the classes of chemicals responsible for the mutagenicity of its emissions. OBJECTIVE: We determined some of the chemical classes responsible for the mutagenicity of the particulate matter (PM) of the emissions from petroleum diesel (B0) and biodiesel containing increasing concentrations of soy methyl esters (B20, B50, and B100). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We subjected organic extracts of the PM to bioassay-directed fractionation by sequential elution on silica gel with solvents of increasing polarity to produce four fractions per fuel. We injected these onto high performance liquid chromatography to produce 62 sub-fractions per fraction based on chemical polarity and evaluated all fractions and sub-fractions for mutagenicity in Salmonella. We correlated the results with the concentrations of 32 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the fractions. RESULTS: The mutagenicity-emission factors of the fractions generally decreased with increasing concentrations of soy in the fuel. Despite the different chemical compositions of the fuels, the extractable organics of all four emissions had similar features: ∼60% of the mass was nonpolar, non-mutagenic compounds; most of the PAHs were polar; and most of the mutagenicity was due to weakly polar and polar compounds. Some of the mutagenicity of B20 was due to highly polar compounds.
Subject
Urban Mobility & Environment
AEC - Applied Environmental Chemistry
ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences
Urban Development
Health
Built Environment
Complex mixtures
PAHs
Diesel exhaust
Mutagenesis
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http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ac723646-b5d2-45b7-99e5-8d0be6e1d08b
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2015.1091054
TNO identifier
529404
Publisher
Taylor and Francis Ltd
Source
Inhalation toxicology, 27 (11), 597-612
Document type
article