Title
Renewable natural gas as climate-neutral energy carrier?
Author
van der Zwaan, B.
Detz, R.
Meulendijks, N.
Buskens, P.
Publication year
2022
Abstract
Natural gas is a potent greenhouse gas but remains an attractive energy resource for a good number of reasons. Because complementing the use of natural gas with carbon dioxide capture and storage yields several drawbacks, producing synthetic natural gas instead could be an interesting alternative. Methanation is an established and well-known process, and with atmospheric carbon dioxide as input it could deliver a climate-neutral energy carrier, which we refer to as renewable natural gas. At present, however, methanation is exceedingly costly. In this paper we try to answer two main questions: (I) can innovative methanation such as based on sunlight powered plasmon catalysis compete with more conventional methanation options using the Sabatier reaction in e.g. adiabatic fixed-bed processes; (II) can these two alternatives ever compete with abundantly available natural gas? Under realistic assumptions for technology learning, we find that innovative methanation tech nology could compete with conventional methanation systems sometime between 2032 and 2039 in our base case scenario. The required learning investments for the innovative option would amount to about 80 M€, spent on an installed capacity of around 750 MW. We also conclude that the levelized cost of methane remains dominated by the cost of hydrogen until at least the middle of the century. Methanation could in principle compete with natural gas by 2050, but only if a carbon tax is levied of at least 270 €/tCO2.
Subject
Climate change mitigation
Plasmon catalysis
Sabatier reaction
Synthetic methane
Energy Efficiency
Energy / Geological Survey Netherlands
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ac283b8b-903a-4aa3-90fd-8b8bcba1567a
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122547
TNO identifier
962718
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
ISSN
0016-2361
Source
Fuel, 311 (311), 1-7
Document type
article