Title
Broad expression of Toll-like receptors in the human central nervous system
Author
Bsibsi, M.
Ravid, R.
Gveric, D.
van Noort, J.M.
Publication year
2002
Abstract
The family of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) plays a key role in controlling innate immune responses to a wide variety of pathogen-associated molecules. In this study we investigated expression of TLRs in vitro by purified human microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, and in vivo by immunohistochemical examination of brain and spinal cord sections. Cultured primary microglia were found to express mRNA encoding a wide range of different TLR family members while astrocytes and oligodendrocytes primarily express TLR2 and TLR3. Comparisons between microglia derived from a series of control subjects and neurodegenerative cases indicate distinct differences in levels of mRNA encoding the different TLRs in different microglia samples. Interestingly, expression of TLR proteins in cultured microglia as revealed by immunocytochemistry was restricted to intracellular vesicles, whereas in astrocytes they were exclusively localized on the cell surface. Finally, in vivo expression of TLR3 and TLR4 was examined by immunohistochemical analysis of brain and spinal cord sections from both control and multiple sclerosis brains, revealing enhanced expression of either TLR in inflamed CNS tissues. Together, our data reveal broad and regulated expression of TLRs both in vitro and in vivo by human glia cells. Chemicals/CAS: Drosophila Proteins; Membrane Glycoproteins; Receptors, Cell Surface; RNA, Messenger; TLR2 protein, human; TLR3 protein, human; TLR4 protein, human; Toll-Like Receptor 2; Toll-Like Receptor 3; Toll-Like Receptor 4; Toll-Like Receptors
Subject
Health
Central nervous system
Oligodendrocytes
Toll-like receptors
Toll like receptor
Unclassified drug
Alzheimer disease
Cell vacuole
Controlled study
Human tissue
Immunocytochemistry
Parkinson disease
Pick presenile dementia
Protein expression
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Astrocytes
Cells, Cultured
Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Infections
Drosophila Proteins
Encephalitis
Female
Gene Expression Regulation
Humans
Immune System
Immunohistochemistry
Male
Membrane Glycoproteins
Microglia
Middle Aged
Multiple Sclerosis
Neuroglia
Oligodendroglia
Receptors, Cell Surface
RNA, Messenger
Toll-Like Receptor 2
Toll-Like Receptor 3
Toll-Like Receptor 4
Toll-Like Receptors
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TNO identifier
236763
ISSN
0022-3069
Source
Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 61 (11), 1013-1021
Document type
article