Title
Validated sampling strategy for assessing contaminants in soil stockpiles
Author
Lamé, F.
Honders, T.
Derksen, G.B.
Gadella, M.
TNO Bouw en Ondergrond
Publication year
2005
Abstract
Dutch legislation on the reuse of soil requires a sampling strategy to determine the degree of contamination. This sampling strategy was developed in three stages. Its main aim is to obtain a single analytical result, representative of the true mean concentration of the soil stockpile. The development process started with an investigation into how sample pre-treatment could be used to obtain representative results from composite samples of heterogeneous soil stockpiles. Combining a large number of random increments allows stockpile heterogeneity to be fully represented in the sample. The resulting pre-treatment method was then combined with a theoretical approach to determine the necessary number of increments per composite sample. At the second stage, the sampling strategy was evaluated using computerised models of contaminant heterogeneity in soil stockpiles. The now theoretically based sampling strategy was implemented by the Netherlands Centre for Soil Treatment in 1995. It was applied to all types of soil stockpiles, ranging from clean to heavily contaminated, over a period of four years. This resulted in a database containing the analytical results of 2570 soil stockpiles. At the final stage these results were used for a thorough validation of the sampling strategy. It was concluded that the model approach has indeed resulted in a sampling strategy that achieves analytical results representative of the mean concentration of soil stockpiles. A sampling strategy that ensures analytical results representative of the mean concentration in soil stockpiles is presented and validated. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Subject
Healthy for Life
Biology
Healthy Living
Mean concentration
Sampling strategy
Soil
Stockpile
Validation
Concentration (process)
Contamination
Impurities
Laws and legislation
Sampling
Degree of contamination
Heterogeneity
Sampling strategy
Soil stockpile
Soil mechanics
assessment method
sampling
soil pollution
article
automation
data base
Netherlands
randomization
sampling
soil analysis
theoretical study
validation process
Environmental Monitoring
Hazardous Waste
Humans
Lead
Soil Pollutants
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:841117c5-9fc9-4d10-8cc7-394a2316909d
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.07.013
TNO identifier
238371
ISSN
0269-7491
Source
Environmental Pollution, 134 (1), 5-11
Document type
article