Title
Androgenic activity in surface water samples detected using the AR-LUX assay: Indications for mixture effects
Author
Blankvoort, B.M.G.
Rodenburg, R.J.T.
Murk, A.J.
Koeman, J.H.
Schilt, R.
Aarts, J.M.M.J.G.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2005
Abstract
This paper describes the screening of 22 extracts from 18 different aquatic environmental samples for androgenic activity, including indirect and interactive effects on androgen receptor (AR)-mediated signal transduction, using the AR-LUX bioassay. Four samples, originating from an industrial wastewater treatment plant (WTP) or the river Meuse, were shown to contain substantial androgenic activity. Moreover, the samples originating from the industrial WTP showed an enhancement of the maximal androgenic response relative to that elicited by the standard androgen methyltrienolone (R1881) in the AR-LUX assay. This indicates the involvement of cellular mechanisms other than receptor-ligand interaction influencing AR-regulated pathways. This also demonstrates the additional value of cell based assays featuring a more complete array of fully functional interacting pathways. Chemical analysis using GC-MS confirmed the presence of a number of androgens and also estrogens in these WTP samples. Subsequently, we showed that estrone and tributyltin hydride (TBT-H) enhance the response to androgens. This indicates that the presence of numerous compounds in addition to androgens in environmental mixtures might very well result in a more profound perturbation of the normal physiology of exposed organisms than estimated based on the androgen levels alone. Therefore, risk assessment of environmental samples should include an evaluation of the presence and the interactive effects of (ant)agonists of carefully selected relevant cellular receptors in order to provide a realistic estimate of the integrated ecotoxicological risk of the compounds present. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Subject
Nutrition Chemistry
Analytical research
Androgen
Bioassay
Environmental
Interactive
Surface water
17 epinandrolone
17alpha estradiol
17alpha trenbolone
alpha zearalenol
androgen
androgen methyltrienolone
androgen receptor
boldenone
diethylstilbestrol
epitestosterone
estrogen
estrone
ethinylestradiol
fluoxymesterone
gestagen
hexestrol
ketone derivative
ligand
methylestrenolone
methyltestosterone
nandrolone
norethandrolone
stanozolol
surface water
testosterone
tin derivative
trenbolone
tributyltin hydride
unclassified drug
zearalanone
zeranol
aquatic environment
article
bioassay
cell assay
cell function
chemical analysis
controlled study
gas chromatography
hormone action
human
human cell
mass spectrometry
physiology
priority journal
risk assessment
river
sampling
signal transduction
standard
waste water
waste water management
water analysis
Formicidae
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:83e9db3a-0bf3-4c62-b896-6fbe1e3b421e
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2004.08.004
TNO identifier
238328
ISSN
1382-6689
Source
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 19 (2), 263-272
Document type
article