Title
Generation and characterization of diesel engine combustion emissions from petroleum diesel and soybean biodiesel fuels and application for inhalation exposure studies.
Author
Mutlu, E.
Nash, D.G.
King, C.
Krantz, T.Q.
Preston, W.T.
Kooter, I.M.
Higuchi, M.
DeMarini, D.
Linak, W.P.
Ian Gilmour, M.
Publication year
2015
Abstract
Biodiesel made from the transesterification of plant- and animal-derived oils is an important alternative fuel source for diesel engines. Although numerous studies have reported health effects associated with petroleum diesel emissions, information on biodiesel emissions are more limited. To this end, a program at the U.S. EPA assessed health effects of biodiesel emissions in rodent inhalation models. Commercially obtained soybean biodiesel (B100) and a 20% blend with petroleum diesel (B20) were compared to pure petroleum diesel (B0). Rats and mice were exposed independently for 4 h/day, 5 days/week for up to 6 weeks. Exposures were controlled by dilution air to obtain low (50 µg/m(3)), medium (150 µg/m(3)) and high (500 µg/m(3)) diesel particulate mass (PM) concentrations, and compared to filtered air. This article provides details on facilities, fuels, operating conditions, emission factors and physico-chemical characteristics of the emissions used for inhalation exposures and in vitro studies. Initial engine exhaust PM concentrations for the B100 fuel (19.7 ± 0.7 mg/m(3)) were 30% lower than those of the B0 fuel (28.0 ± 1.5 mg/m(3)). When emissions were diluted with air to control equivalent PM mass concentrations, B0 exposures had higher CO and slightly lower NO concentrations than B100. Organic/elemental carbon ratios and oxygenated methyl esters and organic acids were higher for the B100 than B0. Both the B0 and B100 fuels produced unimodal-accumulation mode particle-size distributions, with B0 producing lower concentrations of slightly larger particles. Subsequent papers in this series will describe the effects of these atmospheres on cardiopulmonary responses and in vitro genotoxicity studies.
Subject
Urban Mobility & Environment
AEC - Applied Environmental Chemistry
ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences
Urban Development
Health
Built Environment
Biodiesel
Chemistry
Combustion
Emissions
Health
Inhalation
Lung
Petroleum diesel
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:83943829-52b2-46b8-9f53-396566026ecf
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2015.1076910
TNO identifier
529426
Publisher
Taylor and Francis Ltd
Source
Inhalation toxicology, 27 (11), 515-532
Document type
article