Title
The respiratory allergen glutaraldehyde in the local lymph node assay: Sensitization by skin exposure, but not by inhalation
Author
van Triel, J.J.
van Bree, B.W.J.
Roberts, D.W.
Muijser, H.
Duistermaat, E.
Woutersen, R.A.
Kuper, C.F.
Publication year
2011
Abstract
Previously, a selection of low molecular weight contact and respiratory allergens had tested positive in both a skin and a respiratory local lymph node assay (LLNA), but formaldehyde was negative for sensitization by inhalation. To investigate whether this was due to intrinsic properties of aldehyde sensitizers, the structurally related allergen glutaraldehyde (GA) was tested. BALB/c mice were exposed by inhalation to 6 or 18 ppm GA (respiratory LLNA), both generated as a vapor and as an aerosol. Other groups received 0.25% or 2.5% GA on the skin of the ears (skin LLNA). Lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production were measured in the draining lymph nodes. GA was positive in the skin LLNA and its cytokine profile (IL-4/IFN-γ) skewed towards a Th2-type immune response with increasing dose. Inhalation exposure did not result in increased lymphocyte proliferation or increased cytokine levels, despite comparable tissue damage (irritation) in the skin and respiratory tract. We hypothesize that the highly reactive and hydrophilic GA oligomerizes in the protein-rich mucous layer of the respiratory tract, which impedes sensitization but still facilitates local irritation. Within the context of risk assessment in respiratory allergy, our results stress the importance of prevention of skin - besides inhalation - exposure to aldehydes like GA. © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
Subject
Life
QS - Quality & Safety
EELS - Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences
Nutrition Biology
Healthy Living
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Chemical structure
Glutaraldehyde
Inhalation exposure
Local lymph node assay
Respiratory allergy
Sensitization
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:81ecf32e-bc75-448d-8ffc-7845e4263368
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2010.09.018
TNO identifier
425980
ISSN
0300-483X
Source
Toxicology, 279 (1-3), 115-122
Document type
article