Towards a green future. Part 2: How we can prevent material scarcity and turn our green hydrogen ambitions into reality
report
Green hydrogen technologies require further research to reduce dependence on critical materials as well as both national and EU-level policies to secure their availability.
In the previous paper we showed that meeting future European hydrogen demand (FCH Ambitious Scenario of 8100 PJ in 2050) using currently available technologies, such as Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) and Alkaline (AEL) electrolysis, could require more rare materials than we have available. More than the current global annual production of iridium (122%) and significant amounts of other Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) such as platinum (25% of current global annual production) are required, and this is on top of all other products that require these materials. The shortage of critical materials could slow down the energy transition and put reaching the EU Paris Climate Agreement goals at risk.
In the previous paper we showed that meeting future European hydrogen demand (FCH Ambitious Scenario of 8100 PJ in 2050) using currently available technologies, such as Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) and Alkaline (AEL) electrolysis, could require more rare materials than we have available. More than the current global annual production of iridium (122%) and significant amounts of other Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) such as platinum (25% of current global annual production) are required, and this is on top of all other products that require these materials. The shortage of critical materials could slow down the energy transition and put reaching the EU Paris Climate Agreement goals at risk.
TNO Identifier
956433
Publisher
TNO
Collation
19 p.
Place of publication
Den Haag