Title
Immune System
Author
Ruehl-Fehlert, C.
Parker, G.A.
Elmore, S.A.
Kuper, C.F.
Contributor
Wallig, M. (editor)
Bolon, B. (editor)
Haschek, W.M. (editor)
Rousseaux, C. (editor)
Publication year
2017
Abstract
Cells of the immune system are found in every organ, from the classic lymphoid organs to tissues such as liver, mucosae, and omental adipose tissue. Toxicity to the immune system may be from a direct or indirect injury to lymphoid organs. The morphological responses range from lymphocyte depletion to proliferation, and may result in an increased susceptibility to infections and in the development of tumors. Toxicity may also be caused via the generation of a specific immune response against the compound or by deregulation of immunological responses, leading to allergy/hypersensitivity or autoimmune disease. The damage can be found at multiple sites of the body, depending on the specificity of the hypersensitivity or autoimmune response. Special attention is needed to evaluate toxicity to the immune system in sensitive groups; responses may be modified by age, pregnancy, genetic make-up, and compromising conditions. © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Subject
Adaptive immunity
Allergy
Antigen processing
Autoimmune disease
Developmental immunotoxicity testing (DIT)
Direct toxicity
Enhanced histopathology
Host resistance
Hypersensitivity
Indirect toxicity
Innate immunity
Interspecies differences
Leukemia
Liver
Lymph nodes
Lymphoid depletion
Lymphoid proliferation
Lymphoma
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Neuroendocrine network
Omental adipose tissue
Spleen
Stress reaction
Tertiary lymphoid tissues
Thymus
Life
MSB - Microbiology and Systems Biology
ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809841-7.00012-5
TNO identifier
787737
Publisher
Elsevier, London
ISBN
9780128098424
Source
Fundamentals of Toxicologic Pathology, 273-313
Document type
bookPart