Title
Intakes of vitamins A, C and E and folate and multivitamins and lung cancer: A pooled analysis of 8 prospective studies
Author
Cho, E.
Hunter, D.J.
Spiegelman, D.
Albanes, D.
Beeson, W.L.
van den Brandt, P.A.
Colditz, G.A.
Feskanich, D.
Folsom, A.R.
Fraser, G.E.
Freudenheim, J.L.
Giovannucci, E.
Goldbohm, R.A.
Graham, S.
Miller, A.B.
Rohan, T.E.
Sellers, T.A.
Virtamo, J.
Willett, W.C.
Smith-Warner, S.A.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2006
Abstract
Intakes of vitamins A, C and E and folate have been hypothesized to reduce lung cancer risk. We examined these associations in a pooled analysis of the primary data from 8 prospective studies from North America and Europe. Baseline vitamin intake was assessed using a validated food-frequency questionnaire, in each study. We calculated study-specific associations and pooled them using a random-effects model. During follow-up of 430,281 persons over a maximum of 6-16 years in the studies, 3,206 incident lung cancer cases were documented. Vitamin intakes were inversely associated with lung cancer risk in age-adjusted analyses; the associations were greatly attenuated after adjusting for smoking and other risk factors for lung cancer. The pooled multivariate relative risks, comparing the highest vs. lowest quintile of intake from food-only, were 0.96 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.83-1.11) for vitamin A, 0.80 (95% CI 0.71-0.91) for vitamin C, 0.86 (95% CI 0.76-0.99) for vitamin E and 0.88 (95% CI 0.74-1.04) for folate. The association with vitamin C was not independent of our previously reported inverse association with β-cryptoxanthin. Further, vitamin intakes from foods plus supplements were not associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer in multivariate analyses, and use of multivitamins and specific vitamin supplements was not significantly associated with lung cancer risk. The results generally did not differ across studies or by sex, smoking habits and lung cancer cell type. In conclusion, these data do not support the hypothesis that intakes of vitamins A, C and E and folate reduce lung cancer risk. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Subject
Health
Food and Chemical Risk Analysis
Folic acid
Lung neoplasms
Vitamin A
Vitamin C
Vitamin E
alpha tocopherol
ascorbic acid
beta cryptoxanthin
folic acid
multivitamin
retinol
cancer incidence
cancer risk
Europe
female
follow up
lung cancer
major clinical study
male
North America
priority journal
prospective study
questionnaire
risk reduction
validation process
vitamin intake
vitamin supplementation
Antioxidants
Ascorbic Acid
Diet
Dietary Supplements
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Incidence
Lung Neoplasms
Multivariate Analysis
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:71b3032b-79c8-4012-a2fe-45db617f432b
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21441
TNO identifier
239130
ISSN
0020-7136
Source
International Journal of Cancer, 118 (4), 970-978
Document type
article