Title
Dermatokinetics of didecyldimethylammonium chloride and the influence of some commercial biocidal formulations on its dermal absorption in vitro
Author
Buist, H.E.
de Heer, C.
van Burgsteden, J.A.
van de Sandt, J.J.M.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2007
Abstract
The in vitro dermal absorption kinetics of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDAC) was studied after single and multiple exposure. In addition, the influence of biocidal formulations on the absorption of DDAC was investigated. Following dermal exposure to DDAC in aqueous solution, less than 0.5% of the applied dose reached the receptor fluid after 48 h. The apparent permeability coefficient (Kp) was 5 ± 1 cm/h × 10-6 for concentrations <12.5 mg/mL, and 12 ± 3 cm/h × 10-6 for concentrations ≥12.5 mg/mL, suggesting that DDAC decreases the skin barrier function. DDAC distributed readily into the stratum corneum, but the dermis appeared to be the main barrier for DDAC penetration. Multiple dosing of DDAC increased its flux across the skin, when applied in high concentrations (>11 mg/mL). However, the amount of DDAC reaching the receptor fluid remained low (<1% over a 48 h period). Selected biocidal formulations tended to reduce DDAC skin absorption. The degree of reduction appeared to be correlated to the amount of aldehydes present. Based on the comparison of the distribution of DDAC in full-thickness skin and epidermal membranes, we conclude that approximately one-third of the DDAC measured in the full-thickness membranes resides in the dermis. As a reasonable worst case assumption, this fraction could be considered systemically available when estimating the daily systemic body burden of DDAC. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Subject
Chemistry
Biomedical Research
Biocides
Dermal absorption
Dermatokinetics
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride
Quaternary ammonium chlorides
Repeated exposure
Risk assessment
Single exposure
Skin barrier
Vehicle effects
Aldehyde
Biocide
Didecyldimethylammonium chloride
Adult
Aqueous solution
Concentration (parameters)
Correlation analysis
Drug absorption
Drug distribution
Drug exposure
Drug formulation
Drug penetration
Epidermis
Female
Human
Human cell
Human tissue
In vitro study
Priority journal
Skin absorption
Skin permeability
Stratum corneum
Toxicokinetics
Administration, Cutaneous
Cells, Cultured
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
Disinfectants
Humans
Kinetics
Permeability
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
Skin Absorption
Tissue Distribution
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.01.007
TNO identifier
239987
ISSN
0273-2300
Source
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 48 (1), 87-92
Document type
article