Title
Effect of a high-protein breakfast on the postprandial ghrelin response
Author
Blom, W.A.M.
Lluch, A.
Stafleu, A.
Vinoy, S.
Holst, J.J.
Schaafsma, G.
Hendriks, H.F.J.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2006
Abstract
Background: The most satiating macronutrient appears to be dietary protein. Few studies have investigated the effects of dietary protein on ghrelin secretion in humans. Objective: This study was designed to investigate whether a high-protein (HP) breakfast is more satiating than a high-carbohydrate breakfast (HC) through suppression of postprandial ghrelin concentrations or through other physiologic processes. Design: Fifteen healthy men were studied in a single-blind, crossover design. Blood samples and subjective measures of satiety were assessed frequently for 3 h after the consumption of 2 isocaloric breakfasts that differed in their protein and carbohydrate content (58.1% of energy from protein and 14.1% of energy from carbohydrate compared with19.3% of energy from protein and 47.3% of energy from carbohydrate). The gastric emptying rate was indirectly assessed with the acetaminophen absorption test. Results: The HP breakfast decreased postprandial ghrelin secretion more than did the HC breakfast (P < 0.01). Ghrelin concentrations were correlated with glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (r = -0.65; 95% CI: -0.85, -0.29) and glucagon concentrations (r = -0.47; 95% CI: -0.75, -0.03). Compared with the HC breakfast, the HP breakfast increased glucagon (P < 0.0001) and cholecystokinin (P < 0.01), tended to increase glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (P = 0.07) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (P = 0.10), and decreased the gastric emptying rate (P < 0.0001). Appetite ratings were not significantly different between the 2 treatments, and the HP breakfast did not significantly affect ad libitum energy intake. Conclusions: The HP breakfast decreased postprandial ghrelin concentrations more strongly over time than did the HC breakfast. High associations between ghrelin and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon suggest that stimulation of these peptides may mediate the postprandial ghrelin response. The HP breakfast also reduced gastric emptying, probably through increased secretion of cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide 1. © 2006 American Society for Nutrition.
Subject
Biology
Biomedical Research
Dietary protein
Gastric emptying
Gut hormones
Satiety
cholecystokinin
gastric inhibitory polypeptide
ghrelin
glucagon
paracetamol
glucagon like peptide 1
insulin
peptide hormone
adult
article
blood sampling
caloric intake
carbohydrate intake
controlled study
hormone release
human
male
meal
normal human
postprandial state
protein diet
satiety
stomach emptying
adolescent
area under the curve
blood
clinical trial
controlled clinical trial
crossover procedure
drug effect
glucose blood level
metabolism
physiology
protein intake
questionnaire
randomized controlled trial
secretion
single blind procedure
time
Acetaminophen
Adolescent
Adult
Area Under Curve
Blood Glucose
Cholecystokinin
Cross-Over Studies
Dietary Proteins
Gastric Emptying
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide
Glucagon
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Humans
Insulin
Male
Peptide Hormones
Postprandial Period
Questionnaires
Satiation
Single-Blind Method
Time Factors
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:51eaf75b-be60-4d7e-8f84-bb94c1b7dafc
TNO identifier
239109
ISSN
0002-9165
Source
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83 (2), 211-220
Document type
article