Title
Validation study of a distress screener
Author
Braam, C.
van Oostrom, S.H.
Terluin, B.
Vasse, R.
de Vet, H.C.W.
Anema, J.R.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2009
Abstract
Objectives A 3-item screening instrument called the Distress Screener was developed for early identification of distress among employees on sick leave. The Distress Screener consists of three items obtained from the distress subscale of the four-dimensional symptom questionnaire (4DSQ). This study assessed an optimal cut-off point and validated the Distress Screener by relating it to the 4DSQ and to medical diagnoses. Methods 171 sick-listed employees filled in the Distress Screener and the 4DSQ (containing four subscales: distress, depression, anxiety and somatisation) and medical diagnoses were obtained from occupational physicians (OPs). The optimal cut-off point was assessed by computing sensitivity and specificity values. Validity was assessed by relating the Distress Screener score to the scores on 4DSQ subscales. In addition scores were compared to mental health medical diagnoses and the degree of similarity between two repeated measurements was obtained. Results Using the 4DSQ distress score >10 as reference standard, the optimal cut-off point of the Distress Screener was ≥4. Regarding validity, a high correlation (0.82) existed between the Distress Screener and the 4DSQ distress subscale and it was significantly different from the correlations with the other 4DSQ subscales. Also a high correlation existed for the test-retest reliability (0.83). Furthermore, a high score on the Distress Screener seemed to be related to the medical diagnosis 'Stress-related complaints'. All low scores seemed to be related to the medical diagnosis 'Other complaints'. Sensitivity (0.85) and specificity (0.78) values, and positive and negative predictive values of the screener were comparable to those of the 4DSQ distress subscale. Conclusions The Distress Screener is a valid instrument for use by the OP during consulting time as a quick scan for early identification of distress in employees on sick leave. The cut-off point ≥4 is useful for early identification of distress in employees on sick leave.
Subject
Workplace
Distress
Medical diagnosis
Mental disorders
Occupational physician
Screening
Validity
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http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5180dde4-c00a-4dee-989c-5ea52a74c013
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-009-9178-z
TNO identifier
241728
ISSN
1053-0487
Source
Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 19 (3), 231-237
Document type
article