Title
Scalable Pulsed Laser Deposition of Transparent Rear Electrode for Perovskite Solar Cells
Author
Smirnov, Y.
Schmengler, L.
Kuik, R.
Repecaud, P.A.
Najafi, M.
Zhang, D.
Theelen, M.
Aydin, E.
Veenstra, S.
de Wolf, S.
Morales-Masis, M.
Publication year
2021
Abstract
Sputtered transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are widely accepted transparent electrodes for several types of high-efficiency solar cells. However, the different sputtering yield of atoms makes stoichiometric transfer of target material challenging for multi-compounds. Additionally, the high kinetic energies of the arriving species may damage sensitive functional layers beneath. Conversely, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is operated at higher deposition pressures promoting thermalization of particles. This leads to stoichiometric transfer and additionally reduces the kinetic energy of ablated species. Despite these advantages, PLD is rarely used within the photovoltaic community due to concerns about low deposition rates and the scalability of the technique. In this study, wafer-scale (4-inch) PLD of high-mobility Zr-doped In2O3 (IZrO) TCO for solar cells is demonstrated. IZrO films are grown at room temperature with deposition rate on par with RF-sputtering (>4 nm min−1). As-deposited IZrO films are mostly amorphous and exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties after solid phase crystallization at
Subject
Magnetron sputtering
Perovskite solar cells
Pulsed laser deposition
Transparent conducting oxides
Industrial Innovation
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4d447116-511a-416b-a316-71fba30021b5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202000856
TNO identifier
946627
Publisher
Wiley-Blackwell
ISSN
2365-709X
Source
Advanced Materials Technologies
Document type
article