Title
Outdoor operational stability of indium-free flexible polymer solar modules over 1 year studied in India, Holland and Denmark
Author
Sommeling, P.M.
Kroon, J.M.
Krebs, F.C.
Angmo, D.
Hosel, M.
Gevorgyan, A.S.
Gupta, R.
Kulkarni, G.U.
Publication year
2014
Abstract
We present an outdoor interlaboratory stability study of fully printed and coated indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-free polymer solar cell modules in JNCASR Bangalore (India), ECN (Holland), and DTU (Denmark) carried over more than 1 year. The modules comprising a fully printed and coated stack (Ag grid/PEDOT:PSS/ZnO/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag grid) were prepared in two successive generations and evaluated for outdoor operational stability according to the test protocols laid out by the International Summit on OPV stability (ISOS-3). The modules (70100 cm2 active area) were encapsulated between two sheets of low-cost plastic barrier material with the use of a UV curing adhesive. The impact of differences in the climatic conditions on the performance of the modules is highlighted and the performance of the modules under storage conditions in parallel with the outdoor study is investigated. While all Gen-I modules failed, the best devices of Gen-II module in which simple improvement in the encapsulation scheme (Gen-II modules) was carried out maintained 95% of the initial performance after 1 year of outdoor testing. We provide detailed insight into the failure mode and offer a discussion on the need for improvement in flexible encapsulation. Finally, recommendations on future encapsulation schemes are also presented.
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TNO identifier
848959
Report number
ECN-W--14-025
Publisher
ECN, Petten
Document type
article