Title
The Herschel-Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI)
Author
de Graauw, T.
Helmich, F.P.
Phillips, T.G.
Stutzki, J.
Caux, E.
Whyborn, N.D.
Dieleman, P.
Roelfsema, P.R.
Aarts, H.
Assendorp, R.
Bachiller, R.
Baechtold, W.
Barcia, A.
Beintema, D.A.
Belitsky, V.
Benz, A.O.
Bieber, R.
Boogert, A.
Borys, C.
Bumble, B.
Caïs, P.
Caris, M.
Cerulli-Irelli, P.
Chattopadhyay, G.
Cherednichenko, S.
Ciechanowicz, M.
Coeur-Joly, O.
Comito, C.
Cros, A.
de Jonge, A.
de Lange, G.
Delforges, B.
Delorme, Y.
den Boggende, T.
Desbat, J.M.
Diez-González, C.
Di Giorgio, A.M.
Dubbeldam, L.
Edwards, K.
Eggens, M.
Erickson, N.
Evers, J.
Fich, M.
Finn, T.
Franke, B.
Gaier, T.
Gal, C.
Gao, J.R.
Gallego, J.D.
Gauffre, S.
Gill, J.J.
Glenz, S.
Golstein, H.
Goulooze, H.
Gunsing, T.
Güsten, R.
Hartogh, P.
Hatch, W.A.
Higgins, R.
Honingh, E.C.
Huisman, R.
Jackson, B.D.
Jacobs, H.
Jacobs, K.
Jarchow, C.
Javadi, H.
Jellema, W.
Justen, M.
Karpov, A.
Kasemann, C.
Kawamura, J.
Keizer, G.
Kester, D.
Klapwijk, T.M.
Klein, T.
Kollberg, E.
Kooi, J.
Kooiman, P.P.
Kopf, B.
Krause, M.
Krieg, J.M.
Kramer, C.
Kruizenga, B.
Kuhn, T.
Laauwen, W.
Lai, R.
Larsson, B.
Leduc, H.G.
Leinz, C.
Lin, R.H.
Liseau, R.
Liu, G.S.
Loose, A.
López-Fernandez, I.
Lord, S.
Luinge, W.
Marston, A.
Martín-Pintado, J.
Maestrini, A.
Maiwald, F.W.
McCoey, C.
Mehdi, I.
Megej, A.
Melchior, M.
Meinsma, L.
Merkel, H.
Michalska, M.
Monstein, C.
Moratschke, D.
Morris, P.
Muller, H.
Murphy, J.A.
Naber, A.
Natale, E.
Nowosielski, W.
Nuzzolo, F.
Olberg, M.
Olbrich, M.
Orfei, R.
Orleanski, P.
Ossenkopf, V.
Peacock, T.
Pearson, J.C.
Peron, I.
Phillip-May, S.
Piazzo, L.
Planesas, P.
Rataj, M.
Ravera, L.
Risacher, C.
Salez, M.
Samoska, L.A.
Saraceno, P.
Schieder, R.
Schlecht, E.
Schlöder, F.
Schmülling, F.
Schultz, M.
Schuster, K.
Siebertz, O.
Smit, H.
Szczerba, R.
Shipman, R.
Steinmetz, E.
Stern, J.A.
Stokroos, M.
Teipen, R.
Teyssier, D.
Tils, T.
Trappe, N.
van Baaren, C.
van Leeuwen, B.J.
van de Stadt, H.
Visser, H.
Wildeman, K.J.
Wafelbakker, C.K.
Ward, J.S.
Wesselius, P.
Wild, W.
Wulff, S.
Wunsch, H.J.
Tielens, X.
Zaal, P.
Zirath, H.
Zmuidzinas, J.
Zwart, F.
TNO Industrie en Techniek
Publication year
2010
Abstract
Aims. This paper describes the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared (HIFI) that was launched onboard ESA's Herschel Space Observatory in May 2009. Methods. The instrument is a set of 7 heterodyne receivers that are electronically tuneable, covering 480-1250 GHz with SIS mixers and the 1410-1910 GHz range with hot electron bolometer (HEB) mixers. The local oscillator (LO) subsystem comprises a Ka-band synthesizer followed by 14 chains of frequency multipliers and 2 chains for each frequency band. A pair of auto-correlators and a pair of acousto-optical spectrometers process the two IF signals from the dual-polarization, single-pixel front-ends to provide instantaneous frequency coverage of 2 × 4 GHz, with a set of resolutions (125 kHz to 1 MHz) that are better than 0.1 km s-1. Results. After a successful qualification and a pre-launch TB/TV test program, the flight instrument is now in-orbit and completed successfully the commissioning and performance verification phase. The in-orbit performance of the receivers matches the pre-launch sensitivities. We also report on the in-orbit performance of the receivers and some first results of HIFI's operations.
Subject
Infrared: general
Instrumentation: spectrographs
Methods: observational
Submillimeter: general
Techniques: spectroscopic
Infrared: general
Instrumentation: spectrographs
Methods: observational
Submillimeter: generals
Techniques: spectroscopic
Bolometers
Correlators
Frequency bands
Heterodyning
Launching
Mixers (machinery)
Observatories
Orbits
Spectrographs
Spectrometers
Instruments
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:378b67ab-a519-4cbd-a63f-f05f026b5b46
TNO identifier
425186
ISSN
0004-6361
Source
Astronomy and Astrophysics, 518 (7-8)
Article number
No.: L6
Document type
article