Title
Electron trapping in higher adduct fullerene-based solar cells
Author
Lenes, M.
Shelton, S.W.
Sieval, A.B.
Kronholm, D.F.
Hummelen, J.C.
Blom, P.W.M.
TNO Industrie en Techniek
Publication year
2009
Abstract
Here, the performance of bulk-heterojunction solar cells based on a series of bisadduct analogues of commonly used derivatives of C60 and C 70, such PCBMs and theirthienyl versions, is investigated. Dueto their higher lowest unoccupied molecular orbital an increase in open-circuit voltage and thus performance is expected. It is shown that the occurrence of a multitude of different isomers results in a decrease in the electron transport for some of the materials. Surprisingly, the solar-cell characteristics are very similar for all materials. This apparent discrepancy is explained by a significant amount of shallow trapping occurring in the fullerene phase that does not hamper the solar cell performance due the filling of these shallow traps during illumination. Furthermore, the trisadduct analogue of [6O]PCBM has been investigated, which, despite an even further increase in open-circuit voltage, results in a significantly reduced device performance due to a strong deterioration of the electron mobility in the fullerene phase. © 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KCaA.
Subject
Electronics
Industrial Innovation
Bis-adducts
Bulk heterojunction
Device performance
Electron transport
Electron trapping
Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital
Shallow traps
Solar cell performance
Cell membranes
Electron mobility
Electrons
Heterojunctions
Isomers
Molecular orbitals
Open circuit voltage
Photovoltaic cells
Solar cells
Fullerenes
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:33920b4e-53b8-4ea5-a9ac-5d8eeebee537
TNO identifier
461645
ISSN
1616-301X
Source
Advanced Functional Materials, 19 (18), 3002-3007
Document type
article