Title
Hand wash and manual skin wipes
Author
Brouwer, D.H.
Boeniger, M.F.
van Hemmen, J.
Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO
Publication year
2000
Abstract
Hand wash and skin wipes are major techniques that have been used for dermal exposure sampling. Both techniques remove chemicals either deposited on or transferred to the skin contaminant layer by a combination of chemical and mechanical actions. The paper overviews identified methods and techniques, with emphasis on sampling parameters and sampling efficiency. It is concluded that identified sampling protocols, including sampling techniques, deviate at possible key issues, which hampers comparisons of study results. It is recommended to conduct sampling efficiency studies prior to field sampling, under conditions that are quite similar to conditions of exposure regarding exposure process, levels of skin loading, and time of residence of the compound on the skin. Harmonization of sampling protocols will be a first step in creating a database for better understanding the influence of sampling parameters on the performance of removal techniques to assess dermal exposure. (C) 2000 British Occupational Hygiene Society.
Subject
Nutrition
Pesticides
Skin exposure
Washing
Wiping
Analytic method
Hand washing
Occupational exposure
Occupational hazard
Priority journal
Review
Sampling
Skin surface
Bias (Epidemiology)
Clinical Protocols
Environmental Monitoring
Guidelines
Hand
Handwashing
Human
Occupational Exposure
Skin Absorption
Specimen Handling
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:30bbc999-41ae-4471-af1d-6f407b849e5f
TNO identifier
41721
ISSN
0003-4878
Source
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 44 (7), 501-510
Document type
article