Title
From dermal exposure to internal dose
Author
van de Sandt, J.J.M.
Dellarco, M.
van Hemmen, J.J.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2007
Abstract
Exposure scenarios form an essential basis for chemical risk assessment reports under the new EU chemicals regulation REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and restriction of Chemicals). In case the dermal route of exposure is predominant, information on both exposure and dermal bioavailability is necessary for a proper risk assessment. Various methodologies exist to measure dermal exposure, providing quantitative or semiquantitative information. Although these studies may provide very specific and relevant information, it should be realized that case by case in-depth exposure assessment would be a very expensive process. Dermal bioavailability data are most often obtained from in vitro studies or animal experiments. For the design of studies, which generate data relevant for chemical risk assessment, detailed information on the exposure conditions is crucial (skin surface exposed, exposure duration, dose and physical state of the chemical). Results from non-testing methods for skin absorption, such as (Q)SARs, have been used only to a very limited extent for regulatory purposes. Suggestions are made in order to extend the use these methods to dermal risk assessment of chemical substances, thereby improving the practicability of REACH. © 2007 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved.
Subject
Health
Food and Chemical Risk Analysis
(Q)SAR
Bioavailability
Dermal exposure
Internal dose
Modelling
Skin absorption
algorithm
bioavailability
contamination
dose response
human
law
nonhuman
population exposure
review
risk assessment
skin absorption
skin permeability
skin toxicity
Animals
Biological Availability
Chemical Industry
Environmental Exposure
Environmental Monitoring
European Union
Humans
Models, Animal
Models, Biological
Models, Chemical
Permeability
Risk Assessment
Skin Absorption
Animalia
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jes.7500579
TNO identifier
240416
ISSN
1559-0631
Source
Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology, 17 (SUPPL. 1)
Document type
article