Title
Transformations of pesticides in the atmosphere: A state of the art
Author
Atkinson, R.
Guicherit, R.
Hites, R.A.
Palm, W.U.
Seiber, J.N.
de Voogt, P.
TNO Milieu, Energie en Procesinnovatie
Publication year
1999
Abstract
The current knowledge about transformation rates and products of pesticides in the atmosphere is reviewed. Reactive species and their concentrations in the atmosphere are presented. Reactions of pesticides with these species (including photolysis) in the gas and the particulate phase are evaluated from available experimental data. The potential of estimation methods is discussed. Experimental techniques for laboratory and outdoor measurements are reviewed. Finally, an estimation is made of uncertainties in atmospheric lifetimes due to chemical or physical reactions. It is concluded that the most important transformation of pesticides in the atmosphere is due to reaction with OH radicals. Very few experimental data for pesticides are available though. The levels of uncertainty in OH radical concentrations are acceptable, however, for a proper estimation of atmospheric removal rates due to reactions with OH radicals of those pesticides for which experimental transformation rates (of homologues) are available.
Subject
Environment
Atmospheric lifetimes
Pesticides
Reaction rates
Transformation products
Air pollution
Composition effects
Environmental impact
Environmental protection
Free radical reactions
Particulate emissions
Rate constants
Removal
Atmospheric lifetimes
Transformation products
Pesticide effects
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2bf0da92-d1cc-4d36-9bde-68c03e682bca
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005286313693
TNO identifier
235176
Publisher
Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Netherlands
ISSN
0049-6979
Source
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 115 (1-4), 219-243
Document type
article