Title
Assessing the effectiveness of ramp-up during sonar operations using exposure models
Author
von Benda-Beckmann, A.M.
Wensveen, P.J.
Kvadsheim, P.H.
Lam, F.P.A.
Miller, P.J.O.
Tyack, P.L.
Ainslie, M.A.
Contributor
Popper, A.N. (editor)
Hawkins, A. (editor)
Publication year
2016
Abstract
Ramp-up procedures are used to mitigate the impact of sound on marine mammals. Sound exposure models combined with observations of marine mammals responding to sound can be used to assess the effectiveness of ramp-up procedures. We found that ramp-up procedures before full-level sonar operations can reduce the risk of hearing threshold shifts with marine mammals, but their effectiveness depends strongly on the responsiveness of the animals. In this paper, we investigated the effect of sonar parameters (source level, pulse-repetition time, ship speed) on sound exposure by using a simple analytical model and highlight the mechanisms that limit the effectiveness of ramp-up procedures.
Subject
Observation, Weapon & Protection Systems
AS - Acoustics & Sonar
TS - Technical Sciences
Defence Research
Biology
Defence, Safety and Security
Underwater Acoustics
Ramp-up Procedures
Active Sonar
Sound Mitigation
Marine mammals
Killer Whales
Exposure Modeling
Soft start
Sonar
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:28c1d213-5f5a-4531-a4fa-48f01a544f35
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2981-8_150
TNO identifier
530221
Publisher
Springer, New York
Source
The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life II, 1197-1203
Series
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
Document type
bookPart