Title
The (in)effectiveness of anticipatory vibrotactile cues in mitigating motion sickness
Author
Reuten, A.J.C.
Smeets, J.B.J.
Rausch, J.
Martens, M.H.
Schmidt, E.A.
Bos, J.E.
Publication year
2023
Abstract
The introduction of (fully) automated vehicles has generated a re-interest in motion sickness, given that passengers suffer much more from motion sickness compared to car drivers. A suggested solution is to improve the anticipation of passive self-motion via cues that alert passengers of changes in the upcoming motion trajectory. We already know that auditory or visual cues can mitigate motion sickness. In this study, we used anticipatory vibrotactile cues that do not interfere with the (audio)visual tasks passengers may want to perform. We wanted to investigate (1) whether anticipatory vibrotactile cues mitigate motion sickness, and (2) whether the timing of the cue is of influence. We therefore exposed participants to four sessions on a linear sled with displacements unpredictable in motion onset. In three sessions, an anticipatory cue was presented 0.33, 1, or 3 s prior to the onset of forward motion. Using a new pre-registered measure, we quantified the reduction in motion sickness across multiple sickness scores in these sessions relative to a control session. Under the chosen experimental conditions, our results did not show a significant mitigation of motion sickness by the anticipatory vibrotactile cues, irrespective of their timing. Participants yet indicated that the cues were helpful. Considering that motion sickness is influenced by the unpredictability of displacements, vibrotactile cues may mitigate sickness when motions have more (unpredictable) variability than those studied here. (C) 2023, The Author(s).
Subject
Car sickness
Internal model
Neural mismatch theory
Self-driving cars
Time-dependence
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19bf6e58-59f1-4700-938e-e47e02a0a889
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-023-06596-8
TNO identifier
985321
ISSN
0014-4819
Source
Experimental Brain Research
Document type
article