Title
Conceptual model for assessment of inhalation exposure: Defining modifying factors
Author
Tielemans, E.
Schneider, T.
Goede, H.
Tischer, M.
Warren, N.
Kromhout, H.
van Tongeren, M.
van Hemmen, J.
Cherrie, J.W.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2008
Abstract
The present paper proposes a source-receptor model to schematically describe inhalation exposure to help understand the complex processes leading to inhalation of hazardous substances. The model considers a stepwise transfer of a contaminant from the source to the receptor. The conceptual model is constructed using three components, i.e. (i) the source, (ii) various transmission compartments and (iii) the receptor, and describes the contaminant's emission and its pattern of transport. Based on this conceptual model, a list of nine mutually independent principal modifying factors (MFs) is proposed: activity emission potential, substance emission potential, localized control, separation, segregation, dilution, worker behavior, surface contamination and respiratory protection. These MFs describe the exposure process at a high level of abstraction so that the model can be generically applicable. A list of exposure determinants underlying each of these principal MFs is proposed to describe the exposure process at a more detailed level. The presented conceptual model is developed in conjunction with an activity taxonomy as described in a separate paper. The proposed conceptual model and MFs should be seen as 'building blocks' for development of higher tier exposure models. © The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.
Subject
Health Chemistry
Conceptual model
Exposure determinants
Modifying factors
Separation
Surface segregation
Taxonomies
Inhalation exposure
Contamination
Airflow
Behavior
Dangerous goods
Dilution
Occupational hazard
Pollution control
Pollution transport
Protection
Risk assessment
Risk factor
Source receptor model
Worker
Air Pollutants, Occupational
Algorithms
Environmental Monitoring
Hazardous Substances
Humans
Inhalation Exposure
Models, Biological
Occupational Exposure
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:16101288-196a-41ae-9b1b-80b207cc989b
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1093/annhyg/men059
TNO identifier
241051
ISSN
0003-4878
Source
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 52 (7), 577-586
Document type
article