Framework for assessing Ecological and Cumulative Effects 2021 (KEC 4.0)- marine mammals
report
Abstract .................................................................................................................... 2
Foreword .................................................................................................................. 6
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Background................................................................................................................ 7
1.2 Objective.................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Scope......................................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Approach ................................................................................................................. 12
1.5 Report structure ....................................................................................................... 13
2 The determination of the cumulative effects of the development of offshore
wind on marine mammals..................................................................................... 14
2.1 Overview of the steps in the staged procedure ....................................................... 14
2.2 Calculation of sound propagation ............................................................................ 15
2.3 Dose-response relationship..................................................................................... 16
2.4 Surface area disturbed by impulsive sound ............................................................ 17
2.5 Calculation of the number of disturbed animals ...................................................... 18
2.6 Determining the effects on the population............................................................... 21
2.7 Effect assessment and appraisal on the basis of the ecological standard.............. 22
2.8 Effects of impulsive sound on hearing (PTS) .......................................................... 23
3 Scenarios and results of calculations................................................................. 26
3.1 Scenarios................................................................................................................. 26
3.2 Underlying assumptions for the calculations ........................................................... 28
3.3 Scheduling of scenarios for Interim PCoD model.................................................... 30
3.4 Results of calculations ............................................................................................. 31
4 Limiting effects with additional measures.......................................................... 37
4.1 Overview of possibilities .......................................................................................... 37
4.2 Cumulative effects of offshore wind in 2016-2030 when a stricter sound standard is
applied ..................................................................................................................... 38
5 Uncertainties and gaps in knowledge ................................................................. 40
5.1 Procedure for determining population effects.......................................................... 40
5.2 Other uncertainties .................................................................................................. 42
6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 44
7 References ............................................................................................................. 45
8 Signature ................................................................................................................ 49
Appendices
A Ecological effect standard for seals
B Modelling underwater sound
C Derivation of dose-response relationship
D Effects of animal movement on the model outcome from the iPCoD model
E Scenario
Foreword .................................................................................................................. 6
1 Introduction.............................................................................................................. 7
1.1 Background................................................................................................................ 7
1.2 Objective.................................................................................................................... 8
1.3 Scope......................................................................................................................... 9
1.4 Approach ................................................................................................................. 12
1.5 Report structure ....................................................................................................... 13
2 The determination of the cumulative effects of the development of offshore
wind on marine mammals..................................................................................... 14
2.1 Overview of the steps in the staged procedure ....................................................... 14
2.2 Calculation of sound propagation ............................................................................ 15
2.3 Dose-response relationship..................................................................................... 16
2.4 Surface area disturbed by impulsive sound ............................................................ 17
2.5 Calculation of the number of disturbed animals ...................................................... 18
2.6 Determining the effects on the population............................................................... 21
2.7 Effect assessment and appraisal on the basis of the ecological standard.............. 22
2.8 Effects of impulsive sound on hearing (PTS) .......................................................... 23
3 Scenarios and results of calculations................................................................. 26
3.1 Scenarios................................................................................................................. 26
3.2 Underlying assumptions for the calculations ........................................................... 28
3.3 Scheduling of scenarios for Interim PCoD model.................................................... 30
3.4 Results of calculations ............................................................................................. 31
4 Limiting effects with additional measures.......................................................... 37
4.1 Overview of possibilities .......................................................................................... 37
4.2 Cumulative effects of offshore wind in 2016-2030 when a stricter sound standard is
applied ..................................................................................................................... 38
5 Uncertainties and gaps in knowledge ................................................................. 40
5.1 Procedure for determining population effects.......................................................... 40
5.2 Other uncertainties .................................................................................................. 42
6 Conclusions ........................................................................................................... 44
7 References ............................................................................................................. 45
8 Signature ................................................................................................................ 49
Appendices
A Ecological effect standard for seals
B Modelling underwater sound
C Derivation of dose-response relationship
D Effects of animal movement on the model outcome from the iPCoD model
E Scenario
TNO Identifier
963181
Publisher
TNO
Collation
85 p.
Place of publication
Den Haag