Title
Histopathologic approaches to detect changes indicative of immunotoxicity
Author
Kuper, C.F.
Harleman, J.H.
Richter-Reichelm, H.B.
Vos, J.G.
Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO
Publication year
2000
Abstract
Toxicologic pathology is crucial in the identification and characterization of health effects following exposure to xenobiotics, mainly in toxicity experiments in rodents. Regarding regulatory toxicology, histopathology of lymphoid organs and tissues is a cornerstone in the identification of immunotoxic compounds. A 2-tier testing system is usually employed in which the first tier is a general screen for (immuno)toxicity and the second tier consists of specific immune function studies, including host resistance tests or mechanistic studies. The role attributed to histopathology of lymphoid organs in the updated Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and Food and Drug Administration guidelines requires improvement and standardization of the histopathology procedures. Optimalization and standardization was started in an international collaborative immunotoxicity study (ICICIS). However, several problems were left unaddressed, mostly because of the few compounds tested in this study. Based on the results of the ICICIS study and the morphologic changes induced by immunotoxic/immunomodulatory compounds observed in other investigations, suggestions are given to further improve the identification and (semi)quantification of histopathologic changes in lymphoid organs and tissues. Chemicals/CAS: Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunotoxins
Subject
Immunomodulation
Immunosuppression
Lymph node
Lymphoid organs
Morphology
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Spleen
Thymus
Animal tissue
Cell structure
Histopathology
Immunomodulation
Immunotoxicity
Lymph node
Lymphoid organ
Lymphoid tissue
Nonhuman
Priority journal
Review
Spleen
Thymus
Animals
Female
Immune System
Immunosuppressive Agents
Immunotoxins
Lymphoid Tissue
Male
Rats
Animalia
Rodentia
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TNO identifier
87181
ISSN
0192-6233
Source
Toxicologic Pathology, 28 (3), 454-466
Document type
article