Title
Assessment of dermal exposure during airless spray painting using a quantitative visualisation technique
Author
Brouwer, D.H.
Lansink, C.M.
Cherrie, J.W.
van Hemmen, J.J.
Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO
Publication year
2000
Abstract
The range of dermal exposure to non-volatile compounds during spray painting was studied in a semi-experimental study involving three enterprises and 12 painters. A fluorescent tracer was added to the paint and deposition of the tracer on clothing and uncovered parts of the skin was assessed using video imaging and processing techniques. A container (volume 36 m3) was sprayed with a colourless laquer (varnish) containing 66.7 mg/l fluorescent whitening agent. All painters sprayed the outside of the container. Nine painters repeated the painting a second time and five also sprayed the inside of the container. The painters wore white Tyvek(TM) coveralls, but no gloves. Duration of spraying the outside ranged from 4 to 21 min with a mean of 10 min and the amount of paint sprayed ranged from 3.0 to 12.8 l (mean 6.6 l). The mass of tracer deposited on the coverall ranged from 2.2 to 471 μg (90th percentile 256 μg), whereas, mass deposited on skin (i.e. the hands, wrists, and face) ranged from 0.01 to 52 μg tracer (90th percentile 20 μg). The quantity of tracer on the coverall was three times higher after spraying the inside of the container compared to spraying the outside, whereas the quantity on the skin was similar in both cases. On average 10% of the surface area of the coverall and skin was exposed during spraying the outside. Exposures, expressed in units of mass per area exposed were slightly higher for skin compared to coverall. In this study, deposited mass of tracer was correlated with an alternative exposure metric, i.e. surface area exposed multiplied by the duration of exposure, which has been proposed as a surrogate for uptake. Using a quantitative fluorescent tracer technique, it could be demonstrated that body parts which showed the lowest mass of tracer had the highest exposure as mass per surface area. Compared to other techniques which only determine mass, the ability to identify and quantify the actual surface area exposed is a clear advantage of the quantitative fluorescent tracer technique. (C) 2000 British Occupational Hygiene Society. Chemicals/CAS: Fluorescent Dyes
Subject
Nutrition
Quantification technique
Spray painting
Visualisation
Atmospheric aerosols
Fluorescence
Imaging techniques
Paint spraying
Skin
Trace analysis
Visualization
Airless spray painting
Dermal exposure
Fluorescent tracers
Video imaging
Industrial hygiene
Volatile agent
Body distribution
Clinical article
Occupational exposure
Occupational hazard
Painting
Air Movements
Environmental Monitoring
Fluorescent Dyes
Human
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Linear Models
Models, Biological
Occupational Exposure
Paint
Protective Clothing
Risk Assessment
Skin Absorption
Surface Properties
Time Factors
Videotape Recording
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TNO identifier
44201
ISSN
0003-4878
Source
Annals of Occupational Hygiene, 44 (7), 543-549
Document type
article