Title
Monitoring of the booster biocide dichlofluanid in water and marine sediment of Greek marinas
Author
Hamwijk, C.
Schouten, A.
Foekema, E.M.
Ravensberg, J.C.
Collombon, M.T.
Schmidt, K.
Kugler, M.
TNO Bouw en Ondergrond
Publication year
2005
Abstract
Dichlofluanid (N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N′-dimethyl-N- phenylsulphamide) is used as booster biocide in antifouling paints. The occurrence of dichlofluanid and its metabolite DMSA (N′-dimethyl-N-phenyl- sulphamide) was monitored in seawater and marine sediment from three Greek marinas. Seawater and sediment samples were collected at three representative positions and one suspected hotspot in each marina and shipped to the laboratory for chemical analysis. As part of the project, an analytical method had been developed and validated. Furthermore, some additional experiments were carried out to investigate the potential contribution of paint particle bound dichlofluanid on the total concentration in the sediment. As expected, given its known high hydrolytic degradation rate, no detectable concentrations of dichlofluanid were measured in any of the seawater samples. DMSA was detected in seawater samples at very low concentrations varying from <3 ng l -1 (LOD) to 36 ng l-1. During method validation, it had already been demonstrated that dichlofluanid is unstable in sediment and can therefore only be determined as its metabolite DMSA. In a separate experiment, in which marine sediment was spiked with artificial paint particles containing dichlofluanid and then analysed according to the validated method, it was demonstrated that if there is any dichlofluanid originating from paint particles, this would be determined as DMSA. No DMSA was detected in any of the sediment samples. It could therefore be concluded that there were no significant concentrations of dichlofluanid in the sediment samples. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Subject
Marine
Analytical research
Antifouling biocides
Dichlofluanid
DMSA
Greece
Monitoring
Antifouling paint
Chlorine compounds
Concentration (process)
Degradation
Monitoring
Numerical methods
Seawater
Sediments
Dichlofluanid
Hydrolytic degradation
Marine sediments
Metabolite
Biocides
biocide
dichlofluanid
paint
sea water
succimer
water
antifouling agent
marine pollution
marine sediment
pollution monitoring
seawater
analytic method
article
chemical analysis
concentration (parameters)
degradation
environmental monitoring
hydrolysis
laboratory
sediment
validation process
water pollution
water sampling
Aniline Compounds
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Biodegradation, Environmental
Environmental Monitoring
Geologic Sediments
Greece
Hydrolysis
Paint
Seawater
Sulfonamides
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Eastern Hemisphere
Eurasia
Europe
Greece
Southern Europe
World
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0155d8dc-9e3f-4b41-80e7-a3e682e83ca9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.072
TNO identifier
238681
ISSN
0045-6535
Source
Chemosphere, 60 (9), 1316-1324
Document type
article