Title
Impact of inland shipping emissions on elemental carbon concentrations near waterways in The Netherlands
Author
Keuken, M.P.
Moerman, M.
Jonkers, J.
Hulskotte, J.
Denier van der Gon, H.A.C.
Hoek, G.
Sokhi, R.S.
Publication year
2014
Abstract
This study aims to quantify the impact of black carbon from inland shipping on air quality, expressed as elemental carbon (EC) near inland waterways in The Netherlands. Downwind measurements of particle numbers and EC were used to establish emission factors for EC from inland shipping using inverse modelling. These emission factors were combined with data on energy consumption to derive annual average emissions rates for all Dutch waterways. A line source model was applied to compute the contribution of inland shipping to annual average EC concentrations for around 140,000 people living within 200m of busy waterways in The Netherlands. The results showed that they are exposed to additional EC concentrations of up to 0.5μgEC per m3 depending on the shipping volume and distance from the waterway. In view of the envisaged growth in water transport, this underlines the need to reduce combustion emissions from inland shipping. Targeting "gross" polluters may be the most effective approach since 30% of ships cause more than 80% of the total emissions. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
Subject
Earth / Environmental
UES - Urban Environment & Safety CAS - Climate, Air and Sustainability
ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences
Urban Development
Environment
Built Environment
Black carbon
Elemental carbon
Emission factors
Inland shipping
Air quality
Carbon
Energy utilization
Ships
Black carbon
Combustion emissions
Effective approaches
Elemental carbon
Elemental carbon concentration
Emission factors
Inland shippings
Line source models
Inland waterways
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d914b1cd-d625-4b7d-accb-883a1cec806a
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.008
TNO identifier
507117
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
ISSN
1873-2844
Source
Atmospheric Environment, 95, 1-9
Document type
article