Title
Isolation and characterization of Alicycliphilus denitrificans strain BC, which grows on benzene with chlorate as the electron acceptor
Author
Weelink, S.A.B.
Tan, N.C.G.
ten Broeke, H.
van den Kieboom, C.
van Doesburg, W.
Langenhoff, A.A.M.
Gerritse, J.
Junca, H.
Stams, A.J.M.
TNO Bouw en Ondergrond
Publication year
2008
Abstract
A bacterium, strain BC, was isolated from a benzene-degrading chlorate-reducing enrichment culture. Strain BC degrades benzene in conjunction with chlorate reduction. Cells of strain BC are short rods that are 0.6 μm wide and 1 to 2 μm long, are motile, and stain gram negative. Strain BC grows on benzene and some other aromatic compounds with oxygen or in the absence of oxygen with chlorate as the electron acceptor. Strain BC is a denitrifying bacterium, but it is not able to grow on benzene with nitrate. The closest cultured relative is Alicycliphilus denitrificans type strain K601, a cyclohexanol-degrading nitrate-reducing betaproteobacterium. Chlorate reductase (0.4 U/mg protein) and chlorite dismutase (5.7 U/mg protein) activities in cell extracts of strain BC were determined. Gene sequences encoding a known chlorite dismutase (cld) were not detected in strain BC by using the PCR primers described in previous studies. As physiological and biochemical data indicated that there was oxygenation of benzene during growth with chlorate, a strategy was developed to detect genes encoding monooxygenase and dioxygenase enzymes potentially involved in benzene degradation in strain BC. Using primer sets designed to amplify members of distinct evolutionary branches in the catabolic families involved in benzene biodegradation, two oxygenase genes putatively encoding the enzymes performing the initial successive monooxygenations (BC-BMOa) and the cleavage of catechol (BC-C23O) were detected. Our findings suggest that oxygen formed by dismutation of chlorite can be used to attack organic molecules by means of oxygenases, as exemplified with benzene. Thus, aerobic pathways can be employed under conditions in which no external oxygen is supplied. Copyright © 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Subject
Geosciences
Biochemistry
Biodegradation
Catalysts
Cell culture
Degradation
Encoding (symbols)
Enzymes
Gene encoding
Genes
Nitrates
Oxygen
Oxygenation
Proteins
Benzene biodegradations
Benzene degradations
Biochemical datum
Cyclohexanol
Dioxygenase enzymes
Dismutase
Dismutation
Electron acceptors
Encoding
Enrichment cultures
External-
Gene sequences
Genes encoding
In cells
Isolation and characterizations
Monooxygenase
Monooxygenations
Organic molecules
Oxygenase
Oxygenases
Pcr primers
Primer sets
Short rods
Benzene
bacterial enzyme
benzene
benzene oxygenase
catechol
catechol 1,2 dioxygenase
chlorate
chlorite dismutase
estradiol dioxygenase
nitrate
oxygenase
unclassified drug
bacterium
benzene
biochemistry
biodegradation
catabolism
chlorite
denitrification
detection method
electron
enzyme activity
gene expression
mutation
nitrate
oxic conditions
oxygen
polymerase chain reaction
Alicycliphilus denitrificans
article
bacterial growth
bacterial strain
bacterium isolate
biodegradation
electron transport
energy yield
gene amplification
gene sequence
genetic code
nonhuman
nucleotide sequence
oxygenation
phylogeny
polymerase chain reaction
Proteobacteria
unindexed sequence
Bacterial Proteins
Benzene
Chlorates
Comamonadaceae
Dioxygenases
DNA, Bacterial
DNA, Ribosomal
Genes, rRNA
Locomotion
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Molecular Sequence Data
Nitrates
Nitrites
Nitrogen
Oxidoreductases
Oxygen
Phylogeny
Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA, Bacterial
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Alicycliphilus denitrificans
Bacteria (microorganisms)
Negibacteria
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http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d8fae3c4-b7ce-407f-8cb9-1fc89ebd3c1d
TNO identifier
241078
ISSN
0099-2240
Source
Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 74 (21), 6672-6681
Document type
article