Title
Induced seismicity in geothermal reservoirs: A review of forecasting approaches
Author
Gaucher, E.
Schoenball, M.
Heidbach, O.
Zang, A.
Fokker, P.A.
van Wees, J.D.
Kohl, T.
Publication year
2015
Abstract
In order to reach Europes 2020 and 2050 targets in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, geothermal resources will have to contribute substantially to meeting carbon-free energy needs. However, public opinion may prevent future large-scale application of deep geothermal power plants, because induced seismicity is often perceived as an unsolicited and uncontrollable side effect of geothermal development. In the last decade, significant advances were made in the development of models to forecast induced seismicity, which are either based on catalogues of induced seismicity, on the underlying physical processes, or on a hybrid philosophy. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the existing approaches applied to geothermal contexts. This overview will outline the advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches, identify the gaps in our understanding, and describe the needs for geothermal observations. Most of the forecasting approaches focus on the stimulation phase of enhanced geothermal systems which are most prone to generate seismic events. Besides the statistical models suited for real-time applications during reservoir stimulation, the physics-based models have the advantage of considering sub-surface characteristics and estimating the impact of fluid circulation on the reservoir. Hence, to mitigate induced seismicity during major hydraulic stimulations, application of hybrid methods in a decision support system seems the best available solution. So far, however, little attention has been paid to geochemical effects on the failure process and to production periods. Quantitative modelling of induced seismicity still is a challenging and complex matter. Appropriate resources remain to be invested for the scientific community to continue its research and development efforts to successfully forecast induced seismicity in geothermal fields. This is a prerequisite for making this renewable energy resource sustainable and accessible worldwide. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
Subject
Geo
SGE - Sustainable Geo Energy
ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences
Geological Survey Netherlands
Geosciences
2015 Energy
Geothermal
Forecasting
Micro-earthquake
Stimulation
Numericalmodelling
Geomechanics
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DOI
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.026
TNO identifier
528012
Publisher
Elsevier Ltd
ISSN
1364-0321
Source
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 1473-1490
Document type
article