Title
Vegetable and fruit consumption and lung cancer risk in the Netherlands: Cohort study on diet and cancer
Author
Voorrips, L.E.
Goldbohm, R.A.
Verhoeven, D.T.H.
van Poppel, G.A.F.C.
Sturmans, F.
Hermus, R.J.J.
van den Brandt, P.A.
Centraal Instituut voor Voedingsonderzoek TNO TNO Voeding
Publication year
2000
Abstract
Objective: The purpose was to study the association between vegetable and fruit consumption and lung cancer incidence using 1074 cases after 6.3 years of follow-up in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Methods: Dietary intake was assessed using a 150-item food-frequency questionnaire. Multivariate models were used including age, sex, family history of lung cancer, highest educational level attained, and smoking history. Results: Statistically significant inverse associations were found with total vegetables and most vegetable groups. Rate ratios (RRs) based on consumption frequency showed the strongest effect of vegetables from the Brassica group (RR 0.5, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.3-0.9, for consumption ≥ 3 times per week versus ≤ once a month). RR of highest versus lowest quintile of total vegetable consumption was 0.7 (95% CI 0.5-1.0, p-trend 0.001). Statistically significant inverse associations were found for all fruits listed in the questionnaire. RRs for quintiles of total fruit intake were 1.0, 0.7, 0.6, 0.6 and 0.8 respectively (p-trend < 0.0001). Protective effects of fruits and vegetables were stronger in current than in former smokers, and weaker for adenocarcinomas than for other types of tumors. Conclusions: Inverse associations with lung cancer are found for both vegetable and fruit intake, but no specific type of vegetable or fruit seems to be particularly responsible.
Subject
Nutrition
Adenocarcinoma
Adult
Age
Brassica
Cancer risk
Cohort analysis
Diet
Education
Family history
Gender
Lung cancer
Major clinical study
Model
Questionnaire
Smoking
Statistical concepts
Age Distribution
Aged
Cohort Studies
Confidence Intervals
Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)
Female
Fruit
Humans
Incidence
Lung Neoplasms
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Netherlands
Nutrition Surveys
Prospective Studies
Risk Assessment
Sex Distribution
Vegetables
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8d65a4e6-71a1-4969-a640-7f5001f81d0e
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1008906706084
TNO identifier
86976
ISSN
0957-5243
Source
Cancer Causes and Control, 11 (2), 101-115
Document type
article