Title
Alcohol consumption and risk of lung cancer: A pooled analysis of cohort studies
Author
Freudenheim, J.L.
Ritz, J.
Smith-Warner, S.A.
Albanes, D.
Bandera, E.V.
van den Brandt, P.A.
Colditz, G.
Feskanich, D.
Goldbohm, R.A.
Harnack, L.
Miller, A.B.
Rimm, E.
Rohan, T.E.
Sellers, T.A.
Virtamo, J.
Willett, W.C.
Hunter, D.J.
TNO Kwaliteit van Leven
Publication year
2005
Abstract
Background: Although smoking is the primary cause of lung cancer, much is unknown about lung cancer etiology, including risk determinants for nonsmokers and modifying factors for smokers. Objective: We hypothesized that alcohol consumption contributes to lung cancer risk. Design: We conducted a pooled analysis using standardized exposure and covariate data from 7 prospective studies with 399 767 participants and 3137 lung cancer cases. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) and CIs were estimated and then combined to calculate pooled multivariate RRs by using a random-effects model. Results: We found a slightly greater risk for the consumption of ≥30 g alcohol/d than for that of 0 g alcohol/d in men (RR: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.91, 1.61; P for trend = 0.03) and in women (RR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.43; P for trend = 0.03). In male never smokers, the RR for consumption of ≥ 15 g alcohol/d rather than 0 g alcohol/d was 6.38 (95% CI: 2.74, 14.9; P for trend < 0.001). In women, there were few never-smoking cases and no evidence of greater risk (RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 0.64, 2.87). Because of possible residual confounding by smoking, we performed sensitivity analyses by reclassifying the never smokers in the highest drinking category as former smokers. Resulting associations for alcohol consumption were somewhat attenuated, but P for trend = 0.05 for men, which was near the original P = 0.03. Conclusions: A slightly greater risk of lung cancer was associated with the consumption of ≥30 g alcohol/d than with no alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption was strongly associated with greater risk in male never smokers. Residual confounding by smoking may explain part of the observed relation. © 2005 American Society for Clinical Nutrition.
Subject
Health
Food and Chemical Risk Analysis
Alcohol consumption
Diet
Epidemiology
Lung neoplasms
Meta-analysis
alcohol consumption
article
cancer risk
cohort analysis
controlled study
female
human
lung cancer
male
smoking
chemically induced disorder
clinical trial
confidence interval
dose response
drinking behavior
lung tumor
meta analysis
prospective study
risk factor
sex difference
alcohol
Alcohol Drinking
Cohort Studies
Confidence Intervals
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Ethanol
Female
Humans
Lung Neoplasms
Male
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Sex Factors
Smoking
To reference this document use:
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7389328f-6f2f-4ee5-bf90-d54932593e9e
TNO identifier
239012
ISSN
0002-9165
Source
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 82 (3), 657-667
Document type
article